明清肇庆古城防洪体系与适灾措施研究Flood control system and disaster mitigation measures of Zhaoqing ancient city in Ming and Qing Dynasties
袁荔;刘勇;
摘要(Abstract):
受气候与水域地理环境的影响及过度的流域开发,肇庆区域洪涝灾害频仍。在古城规划与营建过程中,防洪排涝始终是城市建设的重要内容。文章通过对肇庆古城的系统调研及文献研究,结合古城建设情况与水系规划特征,从古城选址、水系规划、城墙营建、古城工程管理及防洪救灾4方面探讨了古城防洪御灾体系的建设。具体适灾措施有:依据对自然地貌及水系特征的规律认识选择城址,利用城市高程进行适应性布局;建设集障水、疏排、蓄滞为一体的城市水系,形成区域海绵系统,科学调配水资源;利用古代工程技术措施,建造有自抗洪能力的城垣墙体结构;注重由政府主导的工程管理及防洪救灾的非工程性措施结合,从灾前防范管理、灾中抗洪抢险、灾后保障恢复3个环节进行防洪综合管理,以实现对洪水灾害的主动防御。古城规划和建设中形成的城水共生的传统生态观念、系统完备的古城防洪排蓄体系、防救并举的防灾工程管理模式,是古城在自然灾害下的适应性体现,对于当代城市建设与可持续发展具有重要的启示意义。
关键词(KeyWords): 肇庆古城;防洪体系;适灾措施;城市水系;城墙
基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目(51778316);; 陕西省自然科学基础研究计划重点项目(2020JZ-21);; 陕西省住房和城乡建设厅项目(211841190326)
作者(Author): 袁荔;刘勇;
Email:
DOI: 10.13800/j.cnki.xakjdxxb.2020.0411
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- (1)南宋梁克家《淳熙三山志·卷四·地理四》篇载:“诸司以元丰法,边城高二丈,广加四之一,閷其半为上之广。”据此,边城城墙墙基高、底宽与顶宽之比应为8∶10∶5,竖向坡度介于17°~18°之间。而依宋《营造法式·卷三·壕寨制度·城》筑城之制,城墙基高与底宽和顶宽之比为2∶3∶2,竖向坡度为14°.
- (2)肇庆古城墙遗址考古发掘工作报告,2017年12月,广东省文物考古研究所。